(Essay found in Nesselroade & Grimm, 2019; pg. 324) This is another box in the series exploring the various reasons for the current reproducibility crisis in the social, behavioral, and medical sciences. Fellow researchers sometimes wonder if the use of one-tailed tests in the literature occurs because it is the only way to reject the null hypothesis. The following study may be a case in point. Buttery and White (1978) were interested in the relationship between affective states (feelings) and biorhythms. According to biorhythm theory, people experience a 28-day emotional cycle. At the peak of the cycle, people are expected